5. Methods, Overloading & Access Modifiers

Method Design in Test Utilities

public class NavigationHelper {
    // Overloaded method without timeout:
    public static void navigateTo(String path) {
        navigateTo(path, 30000);
    }
// Overloaded method with custom timeout:
    public static void navigateTo(String path, int timeoutMs) {
        System.out.println("Navigating to " + path + " with timeout " + timeoutMs);
    }
}

Access Modifiers

- public: Accessible anywhere in the test framework. - protected: Accessible within package and subclasses. - private: Encapsulated inside the page or helper class. - default (package-private): Accessible inside the same package.