7. ES Modules (import/export) & npm Configuration

ES Modules: Named vs Default Export

// Named export (constants.ts):
export const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30000;
export const BASE_URL = "https://targetqa.com";
// Importing named exports:
import { DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, BASE_URL } from "./constants";
// Default export (LoginPage.ts):
export default class LoginPage { ... }
// Importing default export:
import LoginPage from "./LoginPage";

Environment Variables

In automation, URLs and credentials vary across environments (dev, staging, prod):

const targetEnv = process.env.TEST_ENV || "staging";