34. Shadow DOM Elements & Selenium 4 getShadowRoot()

Automating Open Shadow DOM in Selenium 4

Standard XPath does not pierce Shadow DOM! You must locate the shadow host, obtain the SearchContext via getShadowRoot(), and locate inner elements via CSS selectors:

import org.openqa.selenium.SearchContext;
// 1. Locate shadow host element:
WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#custom-dropdown-host"));
// 2. Get shadow root context:
SearchContext shadowRoot = shadowHost.getShadowRoot();
// 3. Find element inside shadow root using CSS:
WebElement internalBtn = shadowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector("button.select-btn"));
internalBtn.click();